{"created":"2022-01-27T02:43:37.186042+00:00","id":2002944,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"c848b832-b219-4b9d-be5b-675a28783314"},"_deposit":{"id":"2002944","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2002944"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp:02002944","sets":["1642837622505:1642837905044:1642837915518","1642838403551:1642838407312"]},"author_link":[],"item_1617186331708":{"attribute_name":"Title","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1551255647225":"琉球列島におけるサトウキビ畑の雑草植生の実態と強害草の生態・生理学的研究(附属農場)","subitem_1551255648112":"ja"},{"subitem_1551255647225":"Studies on Weed Vegetation in Sugarcane Fields in the Ryukyu Islands and Ecology and Physiology of Injurious Weed Species (Agricultural Experiment Station)","subitem_1551255648112":"en"}]},"item_1617186419668":{"attribute_name":"Creator","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"石嶺, 行男","creatorNameLang":"ja"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Ishimine, Yukio","creatorNameLang":"en"}]}]},"item_1617186476635":{"attribute_name":"Access Rights","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522299639480":"open access","subitem_1600958577026":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_1617186626617":{"attribute_name":"Description","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"沖縄県の基幹産業の首位は依然として糖業によって占められ, 糖業は県経済の安定維持を図る上で極めて重要な役割を果している。イネ科作物のサトウキビは糖業の唯一の原料として県内のほとんど全域にわたって栽培されており, 栽培面積は総耕地面積の70%を超える。サトウキビを栽培している農家世帯は総農家数の85%以上におよび, その生産は農業粗生産額の30%前後に相当する。他方, 沖縄県は高温多湿な亜熱帯に位置し気候が海洋性であるため雑草の生育に好適な環境が形成されており, 至る処に多種多様の雑草の発生・繁茂がみられ, 植生の様相は国内の他の地方とは著しく異なる。本研究で扱ったサトウキビ畑の雑草は一年生草と多年生草を合わせて233種を数えたが, このうち最も大型で, 繁殖・散布が極めて旺盛であることから雑草害の大きい草種として注目されるのはイネ科の多年生草タチスズメノヒエとキク科の多年生草タチアワユキセンダングサの2種である。タチスズメノヒエは1,2,3月を除き常時発生し, タチアワユキセンダングサは周年発生する。このため両草種の防除には多くの時間, 労力, 費用を必要とし, 蔓延が広範囲におよんだ場合は, サトウキビの栽培上由々しい問題となることが予想される。また, 両草種に関する限り従来の除草剤, 機械力または人力に依存する防除対策には自ら限界があり, これらの慣行的方法と併せて新たに有効適切な防除体系を組み立てることが強く望まれている。本研究は, まずサトウキビ畑に発生する雑草群落の実態を把握し, 次に代表的な強害雑草と判断されるイネ科のタチスズメノヒエとキク科のタチアワユキセンダングサの生育と環境要因との関係を追究し, 更に研究の最終段階でサトウキビと両草種の競合関係を検討し, 生理・生態学的観点から両草種の効果的な防除につながる基礎的知見を得ることを目的として1981年から1985年にかけて県内の主なサトウキビ栽培地域と琉球大学農学部附属農場において行われたものである。以下, その結果を総括し, 結論とする。1雑草群落と雑草相群落調査の結果, 調査地点のサトウキビ畑で確認された雑草は, 18亜種22変種を含む59科181属233種であった。これを科別にみると, イネ科とキク科が最も多く, 次いでカヤツリグサ科とタカトウダイグサ科が主なものであった。","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"確認された雑草の生活形を休眠型でみると, 総じてTh(1∿2年生草本)とH(接地植物)の比率が高い。新植畑におけるThの比率は南大東島で最も高く67.9%, 久米島で最も低く49.6%, Hの比率は久米島で最も高く32.8%, 南大東島で最も低く19.8%であった。出現種数は沖縄本島北部で最も多く158種, 南大東島で最も少なく83種であったが, このような地域による差異は土壌の種類, 土壌水分などの環境条件と栽培方法などの人為的要因の違いに基づくものと推定される。全調査地域に共通する種類は39種で, 局地的に出現する草種は沖縄本島北部が34種で最も多く, 次いで石垣島23種, 南大東島15種, 久米島14種, 沖縄本島南部と宮古島それぞれ11種, 沖縄本島中部4種の順となっている。全調査地域に共通して出現回数の最も多い雑草はハルノノゲシ, ルリハコベ, ハマスゲ, ムラサキカタバミ, メヒシバ, イヌホウズキ, ハナイバナ, オニタビラコ, オオアレチノギク, ヤエムグラの10種で, ハマスゲ, オニタビラコ, ムラサキカタバミ以外は一年生雑草で占められている。なお, 主要強害雑草と判断されるタチスズメノヒエとタチアワユキセンダングサは今のところ出現は局地的であるが, これは両草種が沖縄県に帰化後日が浅いことによるもので, 両草種の極めて旺盛な繁殖力, 散布能力その他の特性から推すと, 将来全域で発生する可能性がある。調査地点のサトウキビ畑に生育する雑草群落を分類すると, ハマクワガタールリハコベ群集とその下位単位である18亜群集, 22変群集, 5ファシスにまとめることができる(第42表)。雑草群落を作型でみると, 新植・株出畑両方に共通して出現する群落はツボクサ亜群集, ヤブジラミ亜群集, ヒメビエ亜群集, 典型亜群集の4亜群集とタチスズメノヒエ変群集, チガヤ変群集, オガサワラスズメノヒエ変群集の3変群集であった。新植畑だけに出現する群落はタチアワユキセンダングサ亜群集, ヒエガエリ亜群集, ヤエヤマコウゾリナ亜群集, コメツブウマゴヤシ亜群集, コギシギシ亜群集, ハリビユ亜群集, 典型亜群集の7亜群集とヒエガエリ変群集, トウダイグサ変群集, ノミノツヅリ変群集, タガラシ変群集, 典型変群集の5変群集であった。一方, 株出畑だけに出現する群落はカラスビシャク亜群集, ホシダ亜群集, ハイキビ亜群集, ツルソバ亜群集の4亜群集とインドヨメナ変群集, タイワンコモチシダ変群集, ススキ変群集の3変群集であった。チガヤ変群集は新植畑, 株出畑のいずれにもみられた。なお, 新植畑だけに出現する群落のうち2地域にわたって分布しているのはタチアワユ","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"Sugar manufacture continues to represent the key industries of Okinawa Prefecture, playing a major role in the economic stability of the prefecture. Sugarcane, a tall grass plant and the chief source of sugar, is grown in much of the prefecture over an area of more than 70% of the total land planted to crops. Sugarcane growers represent more than 85% of the total farming population and the sugarcane yield represents substantially 30% of the gross agricultural output. In the meantime, the prefecture provides a favorable environment for wild vegetation because of its subtropical position characterized by high precipitation, temperature amd humidity. Various weeds are growing obtrusively everywhere in the prefecture and the flora is significantly distinct from that in any other part of Japan. In the present study, a total of 233 species of weed, annual and perennial, were found in sugarcane fields investigated. Of these weeds, two large perennial species Paspalum urvillei Steud., a grass plant and Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Scherff. a composite plant were chosen as the presumably most injurious because they occur more frequently, grow more rapidly and produce more seeds than any other species found. These weeds will hereafter be referred to as \"Paspalum\" and \"Bidens\", respectively. The former occurs in all months but January, February and March, while the latter occurs throughout the year. Their control involves considerable time, labor and cost, in addition to technical difficulties. It is most likely that if extensive infestation took place, the sugacane growers would inevitably be faced with a serious problem. The practice of using manual or mechanical techniques or herbicide theatments for the control of the weeds has certain limits in itself and development of more effective but less costly system of control, that still can reconcile with the existing conventional methods, is becoming more demanding. This study was conducted between 1981 and 1985 in major sugarcane growing districts of the prefecture and at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukyu University with the objective of first investigating the weed communities in sugarcane fields, then the relation between the growth of Paspalum and Bidens and the environmental factors involved, and finally competition between these plants and the sugarcane. It was thought that the resultant data wonld lead to an effective control system taking advantage of the physiological and ecological characteristics of the weeds.","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"1. Weed community and flora The sugarcane field weed communities investigated in this study comprise 59 families, 181 genuses and 233 subspecies and 22 varieties. The most dominant of the families are the Gramineae and Compositae, followed by Cyperus mieroiria and Eupborbia helioscopia. The life form determined on a dormancy type basis consists mostly of Th (annual and perennial) and H (hemicryptophyte). In the newly planted fields, the Th ratio was highest, 67.9%, in Minamidaito Island and lowest, 49.6% in Kume Island. The H ratio was highest, 32.8%, in Kume Island and lowest, 19.8%, in Minamidaito Island. The number of the species found was largest, 158,in the northern part of Main Island Okinawa and smallest, 83,in Minamidaito Island. This difference may be associated with local soil type, soil moisture and other environmental elements, along with the techniques employed in growing the sugarcane. The number of species common to the locations investigated was 39 and the number of localized species was largest, 34,in the northern part of Main Island Okinawa, followed by Ishigaki Island with 23,Minamidaito Island with 15,Kume Island with 14,the southern part of Main Island Okinawa with 11,Miyako Island with 11,and the central part of Main Island Okinawa with 4. Species listed as the most frequent in all locations investigated are Sonchus oleraceus, Anagallis arvensis f. caerulea, Cyperus rotundus, Oxalis corymbosa, Digitaria ciliaris, Solanum ni","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"紀要論文","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1617186643794":{"attribute_name":"Publisher","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522300295150":"ja","subitem_1522300316516":"琉球大学農学部"}]},"item_1617186702042":{"attribute_name":"Language","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1551255818386":"jpn"}]},"item_1617186783814":{"attribute_name":"Identifier","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/3915"}]},"item_1617186920753":{"attribute_name":"Source Identifier","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522646500366":"ISSN","subitem_1522646572813":"0370-4246"},{"subitem_1522646500366":"NCID","subitem_1522646572813":"AN00250548"}]},"item_1617186941041":{"attribute_name":"Source Title","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522650068558":"ja","subitem_1522650091861":"琉球大学農学部学術報告"},{"subitem_1522650068558":"en","subitem_1522650091861":"The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus"}]},"item_1617187056579":{"attribute_name":"Bibliographic Information","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1987-12-05","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"34","bibliographicPageEnd":"185","bibliographicPageStart":"95"}]},"item_1617258105262":{"attribute_name":"Resource Type","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_1617265215918":{"attribute_name":"Version Type","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522305645492":"VoR","subitem_1600292170262":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"}]},"item_1617605131499":{"attribute_name":"File","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_access","filename":"KJ00000162290.pdf","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2002944/files/KJ00000162290.pdf"},"version_id":"f6c8683d-adbf-4bc0-8e64-4ee19996c5f4"}]},"item_title":"琉球列島におけるサトウキビ畑の雑草植生の実態と強害草の生態・生理学的研究(附属農場)","item_type_id":"15","owner":"1","path":["1642837915518","1642838407312"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2008-02-14"},"publish_date":"2008-02-14","publish_status":"0","recid":"2002944","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["琉球列島におけるサトウキビ畑の雑草植生の実態と強害草の生態・生理学的研究(附属農場)"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2022-10-31T01:12:12.328411+00:00"}