{"created":"2022-01-27T07:28:24.971427+00:00","id":2003246,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"6243ecd2-6f30-4a92-977d-c1a62db7c114"},"_deposit":{"id":"2003246","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2003246"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp:02003246","sets":["1642837622505:1642837905044:1642837910423","1642838403551:1642838407312"]},"author_link":[],"item_1617186331708":{"attribute_name":"Title","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"沖縄におけるサトウキビ重要害虫の生態学的研究, 特にサトウキビ品種の変遷と害虫の発生消長について(農学科)","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"Biological studies on the sugar cane insect pests in Okinawa, with special reference to the change of their composition and infestation in relation to the introduction of new commercial sugar cane varieties (Department of Agriculture)","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_1617186419668":{"attribute_name":"Creator","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"東, 清二","creatorNameLang":"ja"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Azuma, Seizi","creatorNameLang":"en"}]}]},"item_1617186476635":{"attribute_name":"Access Rights","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_1617186626617":{"attribute_name":"Description","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"1.本論文は沖縄におけるサトウキビ栽培品種の変遷に伴って品種の形質と栽培管理方法がいかに変化し, これらがサトウキビ害虫の発生にどう影響したかについて検討したものである。2.沖縄において製糖が始って以来, 今日までに栽培されたことのあるサトウキビは10品種以上に及んでいる。しかし, 品種転換の短期間を除いては読谷山, POJ2725及びNCo310が栽培面積の65%以上を占めていた。この理由で, 本論文では1931年以前を読谷山時代, 1932∿1960年をPOJ時代, 1961年∿現在(1976年)をNCo時代と呼ぶことにした。3.沖縄で栽培され, あるいは現在栽培されているサトウキビ品種の特性のうち, 害虫抵抗性と関係があると考えられる主な形質について調査した結果, 株出適応性, 脱葉性, 葉幅, 葉姿, 57群毛茸の多少, 葉鞘開度などの形質が関与していることが判明した。4.栽培品種の転換によって当然サトウキビの栽培管理方法も変化した。読谷山時代には穴植法であった。 POJ時代にはモジョバングン方式となり, NCo時代は農用機械の利用が多くなった。栽植密度も時代の変遷によって10a当り3,300⇾3,600∿ 27,00⇾2,400∿2,700本となった。植付時期は読谷山時代には春植が主で, 株出栽培が僅かにあった。POJ時代になって夏植が圃場の40%を占めていた。NCo時代には株出面積が75%, 夏植が20%, 春植が5%の比率となっている。施肥量は漸次増加した。剥葉作業はPOJ時代以前にはよく行われていたが, NCo時代には圃場面積の約半分しか行われていない。害虫防除はPOJ時代以前には捕殺または石油乳剤の散布に頼っていた。NCo時代になって合成農薬による化学的防除法がその中心となった。5.沖縄におけるサトウキビ害虫の種類は, 読谷山時代には42種, POJ時代には122種, NCo時代には165種記録されている。このように時代の経過に従って害虫の種類が増加した。しかし, これは調査, 研究の積重ねや取扱い方の違いによる影響が大きく, 害虫化した種類や侵入種は限られている。重要害虫は栽培品種の変遷に応じて変化してきたことが明らかである。読谷山時代にはCavelerius saccharivorus (Okajima)カンシャコバネナガカメムシ, Tetramoera schistaceana (Snellen)カンシャシンクイハマキ, Scirpophaga nivella (Fabricius)ツマキオオメイガ, Sesamia inferens Walkerイネヨトウの4種が重要であった。POJ時代には以上の種からツマキオオメイガが脱落し, Ceratovacuna lanigela Zehntnerカンシャワタアブラムシが加わった。NCo時代にはカンシャワタアブラムシの加害が減少し, Aulacaspis takarai TakagiタカラマルカイガラムシとMogannia minuta Matsumuraイワサキクサゼミが登場した。6.現在沖縄で栽培されている主なサトウキビ品種はNCo310とNCo376で, 前者は栽培面積の80%強, 後者は10%強を占めている。重要害虫はカンシャコバネナガカメムシ, イワサキクサゼミ, タカラマルカイガラムシ, カンシャシンクイハマキ, イネヨトウの5種があげられる。","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"7.カンシャコバネナガカメムシの生活史及び各時代の発生消長について調査した結果を要約すると次のとおりである。(1)従来の各種資料と新たに得られた調査結果によると, 読谷山時代には発生密度が高く, POJ時代には減少し, NCo時代には再び発生が多くなった。(2)品種比較試験圃場及び品種保存園において発生密度を調査した結果, NCo310で個体数が最も多く, 次に読谷山に多く, POJ2725では少なかった。またNCo376ではNCo310に比べ発生密度が少なかった。(3)品種により発生密度が異なるのは, 産卵数, 幼虫死亡率, 幼虫発育日数, 57群毛茸による若令幼虫の保護, 品種によって生息空間に差があるためで, サトウキビ品種が産卵誘引性を有しないこと, 発育阻害因子を有すること, 57群毛茸を有しないこと, 葉鞘開度が小さいことは抵抗性であると考えられ, それらの形質は抵抗性因子としてあげることができよう。(4)サトウキビ栽培管理作業では剥葉, 植付時期(作型), 更新作型, 収穫後の残渣焼却が発生密度に影響する。(5)天敵は9種類確認された。そのうちでEumicrosoma blissae(Maki)カンシャコバネカメムシタマゴバチの寄生率が高い。この寄生蜂の生活史, 発生消長, 寄生率について明らかにした。また, 品種により寄生率に差のあることが認められ, 品種の形質が天敵の活動にも影響することを明らかにした。(6)読谷山とNCo310はPOJ2725に比較して抵抗性因子の保有が少ない。また, NCo時代にはカンシャコバネナガカメムシの個体数を減少させる管理作業が少なく, 発生密度を高くする株出栽培の面積が広くなった。これらのことは各時代における本虫の発生に影響したものと考えられる。8.イワサキクサゼミの生活史とサトウキビ圃場における発生密度増加の原因について調査した結果次のことが判明した。(1)25℃, 30℃における卵期間は, 平均それぞれ42日, 32日であった。","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"This paper reports the results of my biological studies on the insect pests of the sugar cane in Okinawa which were conducted from 1966 to 1976. During the course of the present studies, special attention has been paied on the changes of the insect pest composition and infestation in relation to the introduction of new commercial sugar cane varieties. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. Since the introduction of the sugar cane to Okinawa in 1623 more than 10 varieties have been cultivated. However, three varieties are known to be most productive and they were cultivated in greater acreages. They are the Yomitanzan, POJ 2725 and NCo 310. The Yomitanzan was the main variety cultivated in Okinawa from the beginning to 1931,the POJ 2725 for the period 1932-1960 and the NCo 310 for the recent time (1961 onward). Thus, in Okinawa, three succesive periods are recognized according to the main sugar cane variety then cultivated. 2. In relation to the resistant factors of the sugar cane to the insect pests, as a rule, I recognized the following characters of the sugar canes are important : the suitability of ratooning, the leaf sheath angle to the stalk, the deciduousity of dry leaves, the leaf width, the leaf shape, and the density of hairs of the 57 group. 3. Practices of cultivation have been changed, as a matter of course, according to the introduction of new sugar cane varieties. In the Yomitanzan period the planting was simply done in the holes made in the soil, while it was done by the mojopanggung method in the POJ period. In the NCo period the use of agricultural machines became increasingly important. Planting density changed as 3,300-3,600 to 2,700 to 2,400-2,700 per 10 ares. In the Yomitanzan period planting was mainly done in spring and only the small proportion of it was done by ratooning. In the POJ period the summer crop covered about 40% of the total sugar cane acreage. In the NCo period, the ratoon crop covered 75% of the total sugar cane acreage, the summer crop covered 20%, and the spring crop covered 5%. The amount of fertilizers used for sugar cane production gradually increased as the time progresses.","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"The removal of dry leaves was performed diligently in early days up to the NCo period while in the latter period it was observed only in one-half of the cultivated areas. Pest control was done mainly by killing by hands and petroleum emulsion spray in the Yomitanzan and POJ periods while in the NCo period the pest control was done by synthetic insecticides. 4. The number of the sugar cane pest species observed in Okinawa was 42 species for the Yomitanzan period, 122 species for the POJ period, and 165 species for the NCo period. Thus, it is evident that the number of pest species increased. This does not mean that the pest species themselves increased but it depends on another factor such as improved method of survey in the fields. It is very interesting to report that the important or main pest species have been changes according to the introduction of new sugar cane varieties. In the Yomitanzan period, the oriental chinch bug, Cavelerius saccharivorus (Okajima), the grey sugar cane borer, Tetramoera schistaceana (Snellen), the sugar cane top borer, Scirpophaga nivella (Fabricius) and the pink borer, Sesamia inferens Walker were most important. In the POJ period, the top borer become as a minor pest but the sugar cane wooly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner was recognized as one of the most important pests. In the NCo period the damage by the wooly aphid decreased but the sugar cane white scale, Aulacaspis takarai Takagi and the sugar cane cicada, Mogannia minuta Matsumura were known to be destructive. 5. The major sugar cane varieties cultivated presently in Okinawa are NCo 310 and NCo 376. The former occupies 80% of the total sugar cane acreage and the latter does 10%. The most important insect pests are the oriental chinch bug, the sugar cane cicada, the sugar cane white scale, the grey sugar c","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"紀要論文","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1617186643794":{"attribute_name":"Publisher","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"琉球大学農学部","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_1617186702042":{"attribute_name":"Language","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_1617186783814":{"attribute_name":"Identifier","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4232"}]},"item_1617186920753":{"attribute_name":"Source Identifier","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0370-4246","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"},{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00250548","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_1617186941041":{"attribute_name":"Source Title","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_title":"琉球大学農学部学術報告","subitem_source_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_source_title":"The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus","subitem_source_title_language":"en"}]},"item_1617187056579":{"attribute_name":"Bibliographic Information","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1977-12-01","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"24","bibliographicPageEnd":"158","bibliographicPageStart":"1"}]},"item_1617258105262":{"attribute_name":"Resource Type","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_1617265215918":{"attribute_name":"Version Type","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_1617605131499":{"attribute_name":"File","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_access","filename":"KJ00000162590.pdf","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2003246/files/KJ00000162590.pdf"},"version_id":"2e5b3824-b6f1-4a65-9086-debe91953000"}]},"item_title":"沖縄におけるサトウキビ重要害虫の生態学的研究, 特にサトウキビ品種の変遷と害虫の発生消長について(農学科)","item_type_id":"15","owner":"1","path":["1642837910423","1642838407312"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2008-02-14"},"publish_date":"2008-02-14","publish_status":"0","recid":"2003246","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["沖縄におけるサトウキビ重要害虫の生態学的研究, 特にサトウキビ品種の変遷と害虫の発生消長について(農学科)"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2022-10-31T01:18:24.189473+00:00"}