{"created":"2022-01-27T07:28:49.130451+00:00","id":2003260,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8943589c-6352-456c-ab3a-f64b061df2ba"},"_deposit":{"id":"2003260","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2003260"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp:02003260","sets":["1642837622505:1642837905044:1642837910423","1642838403551:1642838407312"]},"author_link":[],"item_1617186331708":{"attribute_name":"Title","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1551255647225":"沖縄におけるパインアップル作の農業気象学的研究(農業工学科)","subitem_1551255648112":"ja"},{"subitem_1551255647225":"Agro-meteorological studies on pineapple culture in Okinawa(Department of Agricultural Engineering)","subitem_1551255648112":"en"}]},"item_1617186419668":{"attribute_name":"Creator","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"城間, 理夫","creatorNameLang":"ja"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Shiroma, Michio","creatorNameLang":"en"}]}]},"item_1617186476635":{"attribute_name":"Access Rights","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522299639480":"open access","subitem_1600958577026":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_1617186626617":{"attribute_name":"Description","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"沖縄は, わが国においてパインアップルが主要作物として栽培される唯一の地域である。しかし, 果実生産量から見ると1960年代の半ばごろから栽培は軌道に乗ったと言える。沖縄は亜熱帯の中でパインアップルの栽培北限に近い所にあって冬季の気温は必ずしも十分でなく, また, 台風, 干ばつ及び豪雨などの気象災害がある。このような気象環境下でパインアップルが安定した作物になり得るか否かを研究することは, 栽培の将来性を見るために重要である。この研究は, 沖縄におけるパインアップル作の適地性を農業気象学的に研究し, 更に, 栽培技術改善の基礎となる情報の提供を目的としたもので, 研究結果の要約を各章ごとに示すと次のとおりである。1)沖縄におけるパインアップル作と気温及び地温品種スムースカイエン(Smooth Cayenne)の苗を使用し, ポット栽培の供試体により出葉数と気温との関係を研究した。月間出葉数と気温との間に密接な関係があり, これは次の実験式で表わすことができる。N=18.13×log_<10>T/11.67ここで, N : 月間出葉数, T : 月平均気温℃である。この式を使用して各地の月平均気温から年間出葉数を計算し, これによって気温から見た適地性を沖縄, 台湾及びハワイの間で比較した(表2,図6)。それによると, 気温環境は沖縄島付近は台湾中部に匹敵し, 八重山は台湾中部よりよい。しかし, 沖縄各地ともハワイには及ばない。台湾では南部を除き時には霜が降りるが, 沖縄は無霜地帯にあり, この点では沖縄は台湾より有利である。地温についての適地性を見るために, 渡辺^<77)>とPlatts^<45)>の実験及び栽培結果に基づき, 根の生長に必要な地温を21℃以上として, 各地で地表面近くの地温が21℃未満の期間を求めた(表9,図11)。この期間はハワイで1月上旬-中旬に11日間, 台湾南部では全くなく, 台湾中部で12月中旬-3月上旬に83日間, 八重山で12月上旬-3月中旬に105日間, 沖縄島で11月中旬-4月上旬に148日間になっている。この期間は苗の植え付けに適せず, また, 既に生育中の植物体の根の生長も緩慢になる。2)沖縄におけるパインアップル作と降水量降水量の月別分布を各地の間で比較すると, 沖縄は各月とも100mmを超えて著しい偏りがない。これに対して台湾中部及び南西部では秋から冬にかけて著しく少ない。ハワイでは地形の影響で地域差が大きく, その中でパインアップル栽培地域では夏季の降水が著しく少なく, かんがいにより補っている所が多い。パインアップルは長期間の渇水により生育が遅れる(VI章)ので, 降水量に関する限り, 沖縄は台湾やハワイより好条件となっている。パインアップルに対する適正かんがいの資料とするため, 沖縄の渇水時降水量について統計解析を行なった。(1)渇水ひん度は10月-11月が最も大きく, 6月-8月と4月がこれに次ぐ。2月-3月はひん度が最も小さい。","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"(2)任意の連続30日間, 45日間, 60日間及び90日間降水量のリターンピリオドを季節別に求めると表11に示すようになる。(3)日降水量5mm未満の日を干天日と定義して連続干天日数のリターンピリオドを求めると表12のとおりである。沖縄の降水量は平均値から見ると季節的分布にも平面的分布にも恵まれている。しかし, 長期間続く渇水はかなりひんぱんに起こっており, その傾向は夏と秋に著しい。実験の結果(VI章)は, パインアップルは長期間の渇水により生育が遅れるので, 一般に夏から秋の渇水時にはかんがいは必要である。3)沖縄におけるパインアップル作と日射量水平面日射量平均値を累年の日照率平均値と平均雲量から推算した資料と, 野瀬ら^<38)>が実験から得たパインアップルの光飽和点の資料とに基づいて解析した結果次の事が明らかになった。(1)沖縄の年間日射量推算値は130.5k lyでわが国で最大であるが, 春と冬の日射量は九州地方とほぼ同程度で緯度が低い割に小さい。春, 梅雨期及び冬の各月の日射量は年による変動が大きく, 毎年安定した量が得難い。(2)沖縄の日射量を世界の主なパインアップル栽培地における値と比較するとかなり小さい(表14)。(3)水平面日射量の全量 Rとパインアップルの光飽和点に相当する日射強度まで積算した水平面日射量R_pとの間には, 月合計では次の形で表わし得る関係が認められる。R_p=alog_<10>R/bここで, a, bは光飽和点で決まる実験常数である。(4)前項の式を利用して, 沖縄, 台湾及びハワイの各地についてパインアップルの光合成に直接利用可能とみなされる日射量の割合を求めると, 沖縄は春と冬にこの割合が小さく台湾やハワイに及ばない(表18)。上記の事から, 沖縄では新品種の導入, 育成及び栽培技術改善などによって日射量の不十分さを補う必要がある。次に, 沖縄におけるパインアップル畑の2,3の熱収支特性測定実験を行なった結果次の事が明らかになった。","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"Okinawa is the only area of Japan where the pineapple is grown as one of main crops. Judging from the yield of fruits, pineapple culture in Okinawa seems to have been fairly under way since the middle of 1960's, and cultural history is relatively short. Okinawa is close to the north-end of pineapple culture, and temperature in winter is not necessarily sufficient. There are also natural disasters such as typhoons, droughts, and heavy rains occasionally hitting the area. It is important to study whether the pineapple will be a stable crop of Okinawa in the future under such environmental conditions mentioned above. The present studies were done in an attempt to find the adaptability of the pineapple to Okinawa's environmental conditions in view of agro-meteorological aspects, and also in the hope that the results of these studies will offer basic data in the field of agricultural meteorology for the improvement of pineapple culture in Okinawa. The outline of the results obtained is as follows : 1. Air temperature and soil temperature According to experiments in the field carried out using potted materials of the Smooth Cayenne cultivar, the relationship between leaf emergence and air temperature is expressed by an empirical formula, N=18.13 log_<10>T/(11.67) where, N : mean number of leaves emerging in one month, T : monthly mean air temperature (℃). The number of leaves emerging in one year in pineapple growing areas of Okinawa, Taiwan, and Hawaii was calculated using the above formula and climatological data for the areas (Table 2,and Fig. 6). The results suggest that air temperature for the growth of the pineapple in Okinawa is as favorable as in the middle part of Taiwan. It is even more favorable in Yayeyama district than in the middle part of Taiwan. All the area of Okinawa, however, is second to Hawaii as far as air temperature is concerned. Okinawa is in a frost-free region whereas it frosts at times in Taiwan except for the southern part. Okinawa has in this aspect another favorable point for pineapple culture. Adopting the soil temperature of 21℃, which may be taken for from Watanabe's (experiments)^<76)> and Platts' report^<45)>, as the lowest temperature suitable for the growth of the pineapple root, the author has estimated from climatological data the period when temperature on the soil surface falls below 21℃ for several locations in the vicinity of some pineapple growing areas (Table 9,and Fig. 11).","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"The period is 11 days in January in Hawaii, none in the southern part of Taiwan, 83 days in December-March in the middle part of Taiwan, 105 days in December-March in Ishigaki district, Okinawa, and 148 days in November-April on Okinawa Island. The period may be regarded as not suitable for planting the seedling, and the growth of the root of already growing plants is slowed down in the period. 2. Rainfall In comparison of monthly rainfall for each pineapple growing areas of Okinawa, Taiwan, and Hawaii, it is found that the monthly rainfall is fairly even all the year round in Okinawa. On the other hand, it is considerably small in autumn and winter in the southwestern part of Taiwan. Rainfall in Hawaii distributes unevenly from place to place due to the terrain, and rainfall in summer is considerably small in many pineapple growing districts, where irrigation is necessary to supply water deficiency. From statistical analyses of Okinawa's small rainfall following results have been obtained : 1) The frequency of small rainfall is largest in the October-November period. The frequency of the June-August period comes next to it. The frequency for the February-March period is least. 2) The return period of small rainfall in Okinawa for arbitrary consecutive 30 days, 45 days, 60 days, and 90 days are shown by the season in Table 11. 3) The return period of the number of days continued dry, rainfall less than 5mm/day, is shown in Table 12. The above results suggest that the time and space distribution o","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"紀要論文","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1617186643794":{"attribute_name":"Publisher","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522300295150":"ja","subitem_1522300316516":"琉球大学農学部"}]},"item_1617186702042":{"attribute_name":"Language","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1551255818386":"jpn"}]},"item_1617186783814":{"attribute_name":"Identifier","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4246"}]},"item_1617186920753":{"attribute_name":"Source Identifier","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522646500366":"ISSN","subitem_1522646572813":"0370-4246"},{"subitem_1522646500366":"NCID","subitem_1522646572813":"AN00250548"}]},"item_1617186941041":{"attribute_name":"Source Title","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522650068558":"ja","subitem_1522650091861":"琉球大学農学部学術報告"},{"subitem_1522650068558":"en","subitem_1522650091861":"The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus"}]},"item_1617187056579":{"attribute_name":"Bibliographic Information","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1977-12-01","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"24","bibliographicPageEnd":"412","bibliographicPageStart":"283"}]},"item_1617258105262":{"attribute_name":"Resource Type","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_1617265215918":{"attribute_name":"Version Type","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_1522305645492":"VoR","subitem_1600292170262":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"}]},"item_1617605131499":{"attribute_name":"File","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_access","filename":"KJ00000162604.pdf","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2003260/files/KJ00000162604.pdf"},"version_id":"c2279852-5d69-4aa6-9c6c-4f3bc9e3592a"}]},"item_title":"沖縄におけるパインアップル作の農業気象学的研究(農業工学科)","item_type_id":"15","owner":"1","path":["1642837910423","1642838407312"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2008-02-14"},"publish_date":"2008-02-14","publish_status":"0","recid":"2003260","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["沖縄におけるパインアップル作の農業気象学的研究(農業工学科)"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2022-10-31T01:18:40.550076+00:00"}