{"_buckets": {"deposit": "b9a82647-0c96-4831-bd56-c5114954626c"}, "_deposit": {"id": "2011038", "owners": [1], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "2011038"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp:02011038", "sets": ["1642838338003", "1642838412624"]}, "author_link": [], "item_1617186331708": {"attribute_name": "Title", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1551255647225": "TREM2 is a receptor for non-glycosylated mycolic acids of mycobacteria that limits antimycobacterial macrophage activation", "subitem_1551255648112": "en"}]}, "item_1617186419668": {"attribute_name": "Creator", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Iizasa, Ei\u0027ichi", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Chuma, Yasushi", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Uematsu, Takayuki", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Kubota, Mio", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Kawaguchi, Hiroaki", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Umemura, Masayuki", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Toyonaga, Kenji", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Kiyohara, Hideyasu", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Yano, Ikuya", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Colonna, Marco", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Sugita, Masahiko", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Matsuzaki, Goro", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Yamasaki, Sho", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Yoshida, Hiroki", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Hara, Hiromitsu", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}]}, "item_1617186476635": {"attribute_name": "Access Rights", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522299639480": "open access", "subitem_1600958577026": "http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]}, "item_1617186499011": {"attribute_name": "Rights", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522650717957": "ja", "subitem_1522651041219": "© The Author(s) 2021"}, {"subitem_1522650717957": "en", "subitem_1522651041219": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"}, {"subitem_1522650717957": "en", "subitem_1522650727486": "http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/", "subitem_1522651041219": "http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/"}]}, "item_1617186626617": {"attribute_name": "Description", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Mycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids elicit an anti-mycobacterial immune response via FcRγ-associated C-type lectin receptors, including Mincle, and caspase-recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). Additionally, mycobacteria harbor immuno-evasive cell-wall lipids associated with virulence and latency; however, a mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we show that the DAP12-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) recognizes mycobacterial cell-wall mycolic acid (MA)-containing lipids and suggest a mechanism by which mycobacteria control host immunity via TREM2. Macrophages respond to glycosylated MA-containing lipids in a Mincle/FcRγ/CARD9-dependent manner to produce inflammatory cytokines and recruit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive mycobactericidal macrophages. Conversely, macrophages respond to non-glycosylated MAs in a TREM2/DAP12-dependent but CARD9-independent manner to recruit iNOS-negative mycobacterium-permissive macrophages. Furthermore, TREM2 deletion enhances Mincle-induced macrophage activation in vitro and inflammation in vivo and accelerates the elimination of mycobacterial infection, suggesting that TREM2-DAP12 signaling counteracts Mincle-FcRγ-CARD9-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. Mycobacteria, therefore, harness TREM2 for immune evasion.  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