{"_buckets": {"deposit": "5b652868-cec6-4c85-b0fb-60089760d05c"}, "_deposit": {"created_by": 8, "id": "2018078", "owner": "8", "owners": [8], "owners_ext": {"displayname": "ryukyu_lib", "username": null}, "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "2018078"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp:02018078", "sets": ["1642838412624", "1655422459192"]}, "author_link": [], "item_1617186331708": {"attribute_name": "Title", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1551255647225": "\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u4eba\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2 \u2015\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u7acb\u5730\u3068\u6226\u7565\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u2015", "subitem_1551255648112": "ja"}, {"subitem_1551255647225": "Nepalese International Students and Their Transnational Relationship between Nepal and Japan: Focusing on the Location and Strategy of Japanese Language Schools in Nepal", "subitem_1551255648112": "en"}]}, "item_1617186419668": {"attribute_name": "Creator", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u6fa4, \u5b97\u5247", "creatorNameLang": "ja"}, {"creatorName": "Sawa, Munenori", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u5357\u57dc, \u731b", "creatorNameLang": "ja"}, {"creatorName": "Minamino, Takeshi", "creatorNameLang": "en"}]}]}, "item_1617186476635": {"attribute_name": "Access Rights", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522299639480": "open access", "subitem_1600958577026": "http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]}, "item_1617186609386": {"attribute_name": "Subject", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522299896455": "ja", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "ja", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "\u5728\u65e5\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u4eba\u7559\u5b66\u751f"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "ja", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "ja", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u5b66\u6821"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "ja", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "\u30ab\u30c8\u30de\u30f3\u30ba"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "ja", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "\u30d0\u30e9\u30c8\u30d7\u30eb"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "en", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "Nepalese migrants"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "en", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "Nepalese students in Japan"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "en", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "Transnational"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "en", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "Japanese Language school"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "en", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "Kathmandu"}, {"subitem_1522299896455": "en", "subitem_1522300014469": "Other", "subitem_1523261968819": "Bharatpur"}]}, "item_1617186626617": {"attribute_name": "Description", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "This paper analyzes the location and the strategies of Nepalese students who wish to study and work in Japan and the Japanese language schools in Nepal which are sending students to institutions in Japan. The number of Nepalese students in Japan has increased rapidly since 2014. The authors analyze the transnational relationship between Japan and Nepal related to studying abroad and how the relationship has been formed.\nThe majority of Nepalese students in Japan are registered in Japanese language schools and vocational schools, and work as part-time workers in food factories, convenience stores, taverns, logistics, bed-making and cleaning of hotels, etc., mainly on night shifts with good hourly wages. They also play an important role as foreign workers who are allowed to work up to 28 hours a week under Japanese law. \nNepalese students who have finished the course in vocational school, and have graduated from university were advantageous for employment at the food processing industry and hotels before the COVID-19 in 2019. Some of those who had worked for Japanese companies and had accumulated human capital, economic capital, and social capital started businesses in Japan. One of them is the ethnic business of Indian and Nepalese groceries and restaurants. There are few Japanese companies in Nepal that could utilize their Japanese proficiency. So, for Nepalese who have returned to Nepal from Japan, finding a job as a Japanese language teacher at a Japanese language school, or establishing a Japanese language school by themselves, has become those promising options.\nA common strategy for Japanese language schools in Nepal is a cost-concentration strategy. It pursues low-cost education, such as reducing tuition fees through sending students to affiliated Japanese language schools in Japan. Some students selected the small language schools established in Nepal by some of the owners of Nepalese groceries and restaurants in Japan. The strategy is to organically link the businesses of both countries, with some of the students in Japan becoming customers of the above-mentioned Nepalese groceries and restaurants. Medium-sized language schools in Nepal have a strategy of expansion of affiliated schools in Japan, cooperation with private universities in Japan and establishment of various courses and study abroad courses in Australia, in response to sudden changes in the student visa issue rate by Japanese Govt. It can be said that these two types of Japanese Language schools take different strategies and target customers depending on their situation. Japanese language schools that arrange study abroad in Japan have formed two clusters in Nepal namely Kathmandu and Bharatpur. Both cities receive young migrants within Nepal and at the same time send students and workers to other countries. Both cities also serve as a receiver for remittances and investments from foreign immigrants. Establishing the strategies of a Japanese language school in Nepal requires the founder\u0027s human capital, economic capital and social capital, which are obtained through transnational relationships. Also, clusters in specific areas have become indispensable for upgrading tactics and expanding the market for those who wish to study and work abroad in Japan. This indicates that the base of the transnational relationship with Japanese language schools in Nepal is actually rooted in local regions and networks of specific groups. This paper shows that the transnational relations, cross-border bilateral social relations, have emerged from numerous unknown international students, neither from major enterprises nor multinational corporations.", "subitem_description_language": "en", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_1617186643794": {"attribute_name": "Publisher", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522300295150": "ja", "subitem_1522300316516": "\u6c96\u7e04\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc"}]}, "item_1617186702042": {"attribute_name": "Language", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1551255818386": "jpn"}]}, "item_1617186819068": {"attribute_name": "Identifier Registration", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_identifier_reg_text": "10.24564/0002018078", "subitem_identifier_reg_type": "JaLC"}]}, "item_1617186920753": {"attribute_name": "Source Identifier", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522646500366": "PISSN", "subitem_1522646572813": "1881-0829"}, {"subitem_1522646500366": "NCID", "subitem_1522646572813": "AA12030729"}]}, "item_1617186941041": {"attribute_name": "Source Title", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522650068558": "ja", "subitem_1522650091861": "\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76"}]}, "item_1617187056579": {"attribute_name": "Bibliographic Information", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2022-03", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicIssueNumber": "18", "bibliographicPageEnd": "36", "bibliographicPageStart": "1"}]}, "item_1617258105262": {"attribute_name": "Resource Type", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_1617265215918": {"attribute_name": "Version Type", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_1522305645492": "VoR", "subitem_1600292170262": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"}]}, "item_1617605131499": {"attribute_name": "File", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_access", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2022-06-16"}], "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "No18p1.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "3.7 MB"}], "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "mimetype": "", "size": 3700000.0, "url": {"objectType": "fulltext", "url": "https://u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2018078/files/No18p1.pdf"}, "version_id": "33da5788-9ccd-462a-844b-e4cdb5504310"}]}, "item_title": "\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u4eba\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2 \u2015\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u7acb\u5730\u3068\u6226\u7565\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u2015", "item_type_id": "59", "owner": "8", "path": ["1655422459192", "1642838412624"], "permalink_uri": "https://doi.org/10.24564/0002018078", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "PubDate", "attribute_value": "2022-06-17"}, "publish_date": "2022-06-17", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "2018078", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u4eba\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2 \u2015\u30cd\u30d1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u7acb\u5730\u3068\u6226\u7565\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u2015"], "weko_shared_id": -1}